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During the Civil War, approximately 56,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in enemy military prison camps. Even in the midst of the war's shocking violence, the intensity of the prisoners' suffering and the brutal manner of their deaths provoked outrage, and both the Lincoln and Davis administrations manipulated the prison controversy to serve the exigencies of war. As both sides distributed propaganda designed to convince citizens of each section of the relative virtue of their own prison system -- in contrast to the cruel inhumanity of the opponent -- they etched hardened and divisive memories of the prison controversy into the American psyche, memories that would prove difficult to uproot. In Haunted by Atrocity, Benjamin G. Cloyd deftly analyzes how Americans have remembered the military prisons of the Civil War from the war itself to the present, making a strong case for the continued importance of the great conflict in contemporary America.
Throughout Reconstruction and well into the twentieth century, Cloyd shows, competing sectional memories of the prisons prolonged the process of national reconciliation. Events such as the trial and execution of CSA Captain Henry Wirz -- commander of the notorious Andersonville prison -- along with political campaigns, the publication of prison memoirs, and even the construction of monuments to the prison dead all revived the painful accusations of deliberate cruelty. As northerners, white southerners, and African Americans contested the meaning of the war, these divisive memories tore at the scars of the conflict and ensured that the subject of Civil War prisons remained controversial.
By the 1920s, the death of the Civil War generation removed much of the emotional connection to the war, and the devastation of the first two world wars provided new contexts in which to reassess the meaning of atrocity. As a result, Cloyd explains, a more objective opinion of Civil War prisons emerged -- one that condemned both the Union and the Confederacy for their callous handling of captives while it deemed the mistreatment of prisoners an inevitable consequence of modern war. But, Cloyd argues, these seductive arguments also deflected a closer examination of the precise responsibility for the tragedy of Civil War prisons and allowed Americans to believe in a comforting but ahistorical memory of the controversy. Both the recasting of the town of Andersonville as a Civil War village in the 1970s and the 1998 opening of the National Prisoner of War Museum at Andersonville National Historic Site reveal the continued American preference for myth over history -- a preference, Cloyd asserts, that inhibits a candid assessment of the evils committed during the Civil War.
The first study of Civil War memory to focus exclusively on the military prison camps, Haunted by Atrocity offers a cautionary tale of how Americans, for generations, have unconsciously constructed their recollections of painful events in ways that protect cherished ideals of myth, meaning, identity, and, ultimately, a deeply rooted faith in American exceptionalism.
- Sales Rank: #3268704 in eBooks
- Published on: 2010-05-24
- Released on: 2010-05-24
- Format: Kindle eBook
About the Author
Benjamin G. Cloyd teaches history at Hinds Community College in Raymond, Mississippi.
Most helpful customer reviews
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Controversial National Memories
By Lee
First off, I sincerely enjoyed reading this book. Then again I was a captive audience seeing as how the study of Civil War prisons is a passion of mine, especially Andersonville.
The author traces the impact of Civil War prisons on our country's memory with special emphasis on such facets of the topic as the utilization of the "bloody shirt" in the Reconstruction South and how the martyred Union POWs became the favored topic of Northern politicians, speakers at memorial events, newspaper articles, etc.
The "blame game" is further examined as the South counters Northern verbage eliciting high death rates and deplorable conditions in camps as intentional with the argument that the breakdown of the transportation (rail) system, the federal blockade of the Confederate coastline and resulting deficit in medical supplies and food were largely to blame. This line of thinking and the breakdown of the Dix - Hill Cartel prisoner exchange system due to political squabbling and the refusal of the Confederacy to exchange captured black prisoners became popular topics for speeches by former POWs on both sides at reunions, monument dedications and gatherings of the old soldiers.
Published prison narratives, initially Northern and later Southern became embittered diatribes focused on the enemy's avowed purpose of designing prisons to kill as many of the unfortunate captives as possible. These played a key role in the aforementioned "blame game" and until the old veterans began dying off in large numbers, had a strong influence on Northern and Southern memories of the war.
As time passed with the election of Rutherford B. Hayes and the end of Reconstruction, the Spanish American War and America's participation in the World Wars, passions began to cool and Americans, North and South focused less on pointing the finger at the opposition and began to embrace the idea that the heroic deeds of Billy Yank and Johnny Reb were worthy of note by all Americans.
4 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Illuminating Study of Civil War prisons
By colinwoodward
Ben Cloyd's well-written and argued book examines the role Civil War prisons, especially the atrocities at Andersonville, have played in our collective memories of the conflict. Since the book is relatively brief, it does not attempt to analyze all aspects of Civil War prisons. Mostly, Cloyd focuses on the ongoing debate about how Americans have tried to construct a "usable history" from Andersonville prison, which represented one of the most horrific episodes of the war. The book shows how African Americans living near the Georgia site had a very different take on the meaning of the war and emancipation. In contrast, southern whites of the late nineteenth century were constructing a Lost Cause myth that had to explain away the shocking loss of life at the prison. Cloyds' impressive first book adds to the literature on Civil War memory and reconciliation, especially the understudied area of Confederate prisons.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Informative
By pepzione
I bought the book hoping to read more about individuals and their stories. This book is informative about the actual conditions of the various prisons but it was not what I was looking for.
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