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Miss Anne in Harlem: The White Women of the Black Renaissance, by Carla Kaplan
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Celebrated scholar Carla Kaplan’s cultural biography, Miss Anne in Harlem: The White Women of the Black Renaissance, focuses on white women, collectively called “Miss Anne,” who became Harlem Renaissance insiders.
The 1920s in New York City was a time of freedom, experimentation, and passion—with Harlem at the epicenter. White men could go uptown to see jazz and modern dance, but women who embraced black culture too enthusiastically could be ostracized.
Miss Anne in Harlem focuses on six of the unconventional, free-thinking women, some from Manhattan high society, many Jewish, who crossed race lines and defied social conventions to become a part of the culture and heartbeat of Harlem.
Ethnic and gender studies professor Carla Kaplan brings the interracial history of the Harlem Renaissance to life with vivid prose, extensive research, and period photographs.
- Sales Rank: #243830 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-09-10
- Released on: 2013-09-10
- Format: Kindle eBook
From Booklist
*Starred Review* Frustrated by the lack of information about the strong-minded white women who played intriguing, often vexing roles in the Harlem Renaissance and who were known collectively as Miss Anne, Kaplan (Zora Neale Hurston: A Life in Letters, 2002) took up the challenge and through arduous research reclaimed astonishing and provocative lives. She presents six indelible portraits of taboo-breakers who were reviled as “either monstrous or insane” for their involvement in African American culture. Each biography is shaped by Kaplan’s vivid scene-setting, historical perspective, psychological sensitivity, narrative panache, and frank analysis of the virulent sexism and racism of 1920s America and the confluence in Harlem of grim social conundrums and a spectacular creative flowering. Kaplan’s audacious, contrary and tragic subjects include Texan Josephine Cogdell Schuyler, a spitfire journalist who married the controversial African American newspaper editor and writer, George Schuyler; Charlotte Osgood Mason, who established herself as a meddlesome patron of Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and Alain Locke, “one of the chief architects of the Harlem Renaissance”; and scandalous steamship heiress Nancy Cunard, who, to the surprise of nearly everyone, edited the era’s “most comprehensive anthology of black life.” Kaplan’s meticulously documented and intrepid history of Miss Anne encompasses a unique vantage on the complexities of race and gender and a dramatic study in paradox. --Donna Seaman
Review
“Professor Kaplan, a biographer of the writer Zora Neale Hurston, captivatingly illuminates and places in overdue perspective.” (New York Times)
From the Back Cover
Winner, Julia Ward Howe Prize
New York Times Notable Book
Publishers Weekly, "Ten Best" Books of 2013
NPR, "Best of 2013"
Los Angeles Times bestseller
"Must Read" Book, Massachusetts Book Awards
New York City in the Jazz Age was host to a pulsating artistic and social revolution. Uptown, an unprecedented explosion in black music, literature, dance, and art sparked the Harlem Renaissance. While the history of this African-American awakening has been widely explored, one chapter remains untold: the story of a group of women collectively dubbed "Miss Anne."
Sexualized and sensationalized in the mainstream press—portrayed as monstrous or insane—Miss Anne was sometimes derided within her chosen community of Harlem as well. While it was socially acceptable for white men to head uptown for "exotic" dancers and "hot" jazz, white women who were enthralled by life on West 125th Street took chances. Miss Anne in Harlem introduces these women—many from New York's wealthiest social echelons—who became patrons of, and romantic participants in, the Harlem Renaissance. They include Barnard College founder Annie Nathan Meyer, Texas heiress Josephine Cogdell Schuyler, British activist Nancy Cunard, philanthropist Charlotte Osgood Mason, educator Lillian E. Wood, and novelist Fannie Hurst—all women of accomplishment and renown in their day. Yet their contributions as hostesses, editors, activists, patrons, writers, friends, and lovers often went unacknowledged and have been lost to history until now.
In a vibrant blend of social history and biography, award-winning writer Carla Kaplan offers a joint portrait of six iconoclastic women who risked ostracism to follow their inclinations—and raised hot-button issues of race, gender, class, and sexuality in the bargain. Returning Miss Anne to her rightful place in the interracial history of the Harlem Renaissance, Kaplan's formidable work remaps the landscape of the 1920s, alters our perception of this historical moment, and brings Miss Anne to vivid life.
Most helpful customer reviews
21 of 24 people found the following review helpful.
Miss Anne and the Free Play of Identity
By Robin Friedman
In African-American slang, "Miss Anne" refers to a white woman. The "free play of identity" is a modern concept which suggests that individual identities can be changing and fluid rather than fixed. Individuals often try to remake or reinvent themselves in various ways and choose an understanding of themselves different from the categories into which they were born.
Miss Anne and the free play of identity are brought together and explored in Carla Kaplan's new book, "Miss Anne in Harlem: the White Women of the Harlem Renaissance". The book is a group biography of six white women who, during the 1920s and 1930s reinvented themselves to varying degrees as African-American. The women became part of the cultural movement loosely described as the Harlem Renaissance. Kaplan, the Davis Distinguished Professor of American Literature at Northeastern University, is the recipient of a Guggenheim fellowship and the author of a biography of Zora Neale Hurston, among other works.
Although the Harlem Renaissance has been studied extensively, the Miss Annes of the period have received little attention. Kaplan's goal was first to find them, to study what they did, and to enter upon the treacherous world of determinining motivation. From about 60 women whom Kaplan initially identified as plausible candidates, she narrowed her field down to the six individuals that make the focus of the book, Others make frequent appearances throughout the work. Kaplan states that her book is informed by modern cultural studies, including "critical race theory, identity theory, whiteness studies and contemporary feminism" but she rightly says that the book is a biography and does not demand commitment to these fields by the reader. She identifies several questions that the Miss Annes of her book faced and that individuals still struggle with in considering questions of identity:
"Can we alter our identities at will, and if so, how? What if anything, do we owe those with whom we are categorized? Does freedom mean escaping our social categories or instead being able to inhabit those that don't seem to belong to us? The white women of Harlem lived those questions every day, with varying degrees of awareness and varying degrees of success."
There was a tension in how African American intellectuals in the Harlem Renaissance viewed race. On the one hand, many frequently sought to break down racial barriers by taking an anti-essentialist view of race. On the other hand, these same individuals frequently found a need for political and cultural solidarity as African Americans sought to better their condition and end the dehabilitating effects of racism. African Americans thus tended to be ambivalent about the Miss Annes who claimed somehow to understand their conditions. In the white society from which they came, the Miss Annes faced ostracization and ridicule.
Much of the focus of the book is sexual. In the opening chapter, Kaplan discusses several notorious early 20th Century cases of African American men marrying white women with the resulting tumult. Several but not all the Miss Annes in her book had intimate relationships with African American men while others wrote about such relationships.
She also offers an overview of the Harlem Renaissance which stresses how it attracted a great deal of participation from whites. Men found it much easier to cross into Harlem than did women.
Kaplan arranges the six women in her book in pairs, with one shorter and one longer story in each group. They are arranged under themes: "Choosing Blackness: Sex, Love, and Passing", "Repudiating Whiteness" Politics, Patronage, and Primitivism" and "Rewards and Costs: Publishing, Performance and Modern Rebellion." She offers a biography of each woman which focuses on the part of their lives they spent in reinventing themselves. Here are the six Miss Annes.
Lillian Wood never lived in Harlem. She was a midwestern woman who volunteered in mid-life to teach at an African American school in Morristown, Tennessee, where she lived from 1907 -- 1954. In 1925, she wrote a novel, "Let my People Go". When Wood was studied at all, she was thought, mistakenly, to be black.
Josephine Cogdell Schuyler was born to privilege and wealth on a large Texas ranch. She rebelled early, living in San Francisco. Moving to New York City, she was attracted to Harlem and married a famous African American writer, George Schuyler, best known for his book, "Black no More" and for his turn to political conservatism late in life. Mrs.Schuyler wrote essays and poems under a pseudonym. The marriage endured but proved unhappy to both parties.
Annie Nathan Meyer was born to a wealthy assmimilated Jewish family but rebelled early in life against its expectations. Meyer had a long career and is best known as a founder of Barnard University. In 1924 she wrote a searing play called "Black Souls" about lynching and about the sexual attraction of a white woman for an African American man. The play was produced in Greenwich Village in 1932 where it failed and was, for the most part forgotten.
Charlotte Osgood Mason inherited a fortune in her marriage and used it at first to study American Indians. She then became fascinated with Africa and African American life and gave generous grants to Harlem Renaissance figures Alain Locke,Langston Hughes, and Zora Neale Hurston. Mason was a controlling, difficult figure who ultimately alientated the individuals she tried to assist.
Fannie Hurst was born to a Jewish family and became in her day the most financially successful writer in the United States. She became involved in Harlem affairs and wrote the novel for which she is remains remembered, "Imitation of Life". The novel uses many white stereotypes of African Americans, and it alientated Hurst from much of her Harlem base.
The sixth Miss Anne, Nancy Cunard, was born to British aristocracy and was heiress to Cunard shipping. She abandoned her home early for a free modern life in Paris. She became romantically involved with an African American musician and composer and ultimately came to see herself as black. Her family disinherited her. Cunard had a controversial, erratic life, but she produced an important work, "The Negro" which was an anthology of over 800 pages of writings on African American life.
The Miss Annes in this book are well worth knowing in their own right. I particularly enjoyed the detailed discussion of their books, which were all unknown to me and, in the case of Wood and Meyer, almost forgotten. I am not sure what conclusions I would draw from the biographies about the nature of identity and its free play, other than that people are diverse, individual, and complex. The characters in the book are compelling.
The book includes intruiging photographs and a valuable bibliography which is arranged in headings under the six major characters and then under topics, such as "passing" addressed in the book.
This fascinating book will appeal to readers interested in the Harlem Renaissance, African American history, and American literature.
Robin Friedman
11 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Black & White and Every Shade Between
By takingadayoff
Although the women known collectively as "Miss Anne" had a few things in common -- they were white, they came from middle or upper class families, and they had an intense interest in the lives of the black people of Harlem -- they were very different individuals. Fortunately, each of the six women that Professor Carla Kaplan profiles is a biography-worthy character in her own right.
Kaplan puts the late 19th century and early 20th century divisions between the races into perspective and shows how these white women, all well-intentioned, but eventually tragic in some way, tried to cross the line. Even the most well-intentioned women, those who wanted to see the artists of the Harlem Renaissance get their deserved recognition, were patronizing in their attitudes toward blacks, and some of them were simply drama queens who loved the attention they got from flouting social conventions. Even when those they purported to help recognized their good intentions, they were also put off by the superior attitude of Miss Anne.
Most tragic was probably Josephine Cogdell, who had a career as a successful writer when she married a black writer, George Schuyler. His writing improved abruptly when he married Cogdell, though no one seemed to make the connection at the time. It was an unhappy marriage and Cogdell concentrated on educating their prodigy daughter, Philippa, who eventually became a concert pianist and then a journalist. One reason the marriage was unhappy was that George's political views took a sharp turn to the right and he became a member of the John Birch Society. When Philippa followed in her father's political footsteps, it must have been difficult for Josephine.
Miss Anne in Harlem is an enlightening read on a topic not much written about. I'd like to read more about these women and others.
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Scholarly But Still Quite Readable . . . .
By SundayAtDusk
This book will probably seem too scholarly for some readers. There are over 150 pages of notes at the end, and Carla Kaplan throws a lot of names, facts and ideas at the reader in the first 50 pages. Stick with it, though, if you're thinking of giving it up. Or at least go read the chapters about each Miss Anne: Lillian E. Wood, Josephine Cogdell Schuyler, Annie Nathan Meyer, Charlotte Osgood Mason, Fannie Hurst and Nancy Cunard. You'll be reading the most interesting stories of six women who are probably unknown to the majority of readers. Women who were living daring and dangerous lives during the era of Jim Crow laws, which were always claimed to be needed mostly to protect white women from black men. My favorite chapter was on Josephine Cogdell Schuyler, a writer from Texas who moved to Harlem, married a black writer, and had a genius daughter named Philippa. Even though her marriage received attention from the national press, her family back in Texas apparently never knew of her marriage or her child, even though some came to visit her in New York! To learn more about her daughter Philippa, read Composition in Black and White: The Life of Philippa Schuyler.
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